关于.service 文件的编写

[warcraft1236]

我在 ubuntu 上下了个 tomcat，想随机启动，查了一下是用 systemd 来起

可是我写了如下内容的 tomcat.service 文件

[Unit]
Description=Tomcat Service
After=network.target
Wants=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
PIDFile=/var/run/tomcat.pid
ExecStart=/root/apache-tomcat-9.0.1/bin/catalina.sh start
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

使用 systemctl start tomcat.service 提示失败（有 enable ）

网上搜了一波，没看到有关于这些的详解

我感觉应该是 java_home 没有读取到？那么我应该怎么在 service 配置文件中配置这些变量呢？

感谢大家的回复，现在找到了能正常运行的方法

[Unit]
Description=Tomcat9
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking

Environment=CATALINA_PID=/var/run/tomcat9.pid
Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-amd64
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/root/apache-tomcat-9.0.1
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/root/apache-tomcat-9.0.1
Environment="CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m"
Environment="JAVA_OPTS=-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Dnet.sf.ehcache.skipUpdateCheck=true -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:+UseParNewGC"

ExecStart=/root/apache-tomcat-9.0.1/bin/catalina.sh start

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[ryd994]

http://lmgtfy.com/?q=systemd+service+file+environment+variables
另外，先看看 status 会有很多信息
看了一下 catalina.sh ，看起来是一个服务管理脚本，执行完立刻退出，这是不能直接用 simple 管理的。因为 systemd 假设前台进程就是主进程，主进程退出就杀掉所有其他。用 systemd 管理这样的服务有两种办法：
1. 直接启动真正的服务进程，长期服务的主进程
2. Type=forking

[swulling]

apt install tomcat8

[warcraft1236]

@ryd994 我试过 type=forking，还是不行

[chust]

http://lmgtfy.com/?q=Tomcat+9+systemd

[hcymk2]

没有错误日志？
你可以自己 debug 下
https://serverfault.com/questions/803844/how-to-debug-systemd-unit-execstart

[7654]

Environment
journalctl 查看下启动日志

[riggzh]

ubuntu 自己不是可以直接 apt install 一个带 services 的 tomcat 么（只要不是服务器上，我都这么干，省事）

[pisser]

https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.service.html

[doubleflower]

把 Wants=network.target 这一行去了试试

[pq]

把 systemd 对 rc.local 的支持打开，然后通过它来启动吧，省事多了。。。

[lain0]

systemd 只是啟動服務不需要 enable。

systemctl enable <service> 的意思是把 <service> 設置成在 systemd 啟動時自動啟動。

[warcraft1236]

@doubleflower 为啥要去掉这个呢？

[FullBridgeRect]

@pq 讲真这样用不清真，迟早爆炸

[zjp]

折腾过 Systemd 启动 jetty，tomcat 不是很熟悉。传递 java_home 这些参数，得看 tomcat 会读取哪些配置文件，一般有 /etc/default/xxx，或者在.service 文件用 Environment 指定

Type=forking 这个是肯定的

[Tyanboot]

… 你不把日志发出来怎么排错。至少得把 systemctl status tomcat 的日志放出来

[iwishing]

ExecStart=/root/apache-tomcat-9.0.1/bin/startup.sh

#!/bin/sh

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Start Script for the CATALINA Server
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Better OS/400 detection: see Bugzilla 31132
os400=false
case "`uname`" in
OS400*) os400=true;;
esac

# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
PRG="$0"

while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
PRG="$link"
else
PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`/"$link"
fi
done

PRGDIR=`dirname "$PRG"`
EXECUTABLE=catalina.sh

# Check that target executable exists
if $os400; then
# -x will Only work on the os400 if the files are:
# 1. owned by the user
# 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user
# this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups
eval
else
if [ ! -x "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" ]; then
echo "Cannot find $PRGDIR/$EXECUTABLE"
echo "The file is absent or does not have execute permission"
echo "This file is needed to run this program"
exit 1
fi
fi

exec "$PRGDIR"/"$EXECUTABLE" start "$@"

[ryd994]

呃，其实你可以用 EnvironmentFile 这个，不然每次都有 systemctl daemon-reload

[warcraft1236]

@ryd994 啥意思，能不能详细讲一下

[openbsd]

现在不用 jsvc 了吗 ？
官方手册又没提供最新的做法 ？