在 Openwrt 系统中部署 Tailscale，没有 luci 的情况下，防火墙的正确配置方法？

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OpenWrt 是一个专门面向嵌入式设备的 Linux 发行版。你可以将 OpenWrt 支持的型号的嵌入式设备，比如各种路由器上的系统，换成一个有更多可能性可以折腾的 Linux 系统。

这是一个创建于 362 天前的主题，其中的信息可能已经有所发展或是发生改变。

特殊情况说明：这个 Openwrt 操作系统实际上是一个服务器，或者 NAS ，并没有 LAN ，也没有路由功能

我在系统里部署了 Tailscale ，然后发现同样的 LAN 环境里，我的 PC 电脑能够很高成功率地建立 P2P 连接，但是面向纯 IPV4 的时候 NAS 的打洞失败概率很大，可以说基本上打不通，被迫走直连。所以肯定是防火墙或者什么地方出了问题。

在 V2EX 上搜了一下有人有类似的问题，不过他的路由器是标准 OpenWrt ，照着教程过就行了。我这个垃圾 NAS 碰巧用的是 Openwrt 系统，没有 luci ，只能靠 uci 手动编辑防火墙规则，但是尝试了一下发现好像穿透能力并没有什么改善，怀疑是防火墙规则没写对

OpenWrt 官方的教程：

Create a new unmanaged interface via LuCI: Network → Interfaces → Add new interface

Name: tailscale

Protocol: Unmanaged

Device: tailscale0

Create a new firewall zone via LuCI: Network → Firewall → Zones → Add

Name: tailscale

Input: ACCEPT (default)

Output: ACCEPT (default)

Forward: ACCEPT

Masquerading: on

MSS Clamping: on

Covered networks: tailscale

Allow forward to destination zones: Select your LAN (and/or other internal zones or WAN if you plan on using this device as an exit node)

Allow forward from source zones: Select your LAN (and/or other internal zones or leave it blank if you do not want to route LAN traffic to other tailscale hosts)

Click Save & Apply

本机的相关环境，原厂 network：

network.loopback=interface
network.loopback.device='lo'
network.loopback.proto='static'
network.loopback.ipaddr='127.0.0.1'
network.loopback.netmask='255.0.0.0'
network.globals=globals
network.globals.ula_prefix='fdb3:5d24:4bbe::/48'
network.wan1=interface
network.wan1.ifname='eth0'
network.wan1.proto='dhcp'
network.wan2=interface
network.wan2.ifname='eth1'
network.wan2.proto='dhcp'
network.wan26=interface
network.wan26.proto='dhcpv6'
network.wan26.device='@wan2'
network.wan26.disabled='1'
network.wan16=interface
network.wan16.proto='dhcpv6'
network.wan16.device='@wan1'
network.wan16.disabled='0'

原厂 zone 和 forwarding：

firewall.@defaults[0]=defaults
firewall.@defaults[0].syn_flood='1'
firewall.@defaults[0].input='ACCEPT'
firewall.@defaults[0].output='ACCEPT'
firewall.@defaults[0].forward='REJECT'
firewall.@zone[0]=zone
firewall.@zone[0].name='lan'
firewall.@zone[0].network='lan'
firewall.@zone[0].input='ACCEPT'
firewall.@zone[0].output='ACCEPT'
firewall.@zone[0].forward='ACCEPT'
firewall.@zone[1]=zone
firewall.@zone[1].name='wan'
firewall.@zone[1].network='wan' 'wan6'
firewall.@zone[1].input='ACCEPT'
firewall.@zone[1].output='ACCEPT'
firewall.@zone[1].forward='REJECT'
firewall.@zone[1].masq='1'
firewall.@zone[1].mtu_fix='1'
firewall.@forwarding[0]=forwarding
firewall.@forwarding[0].src='lan'
firewall.@forwarding[0].dest='wan'

原厂 rules：

firewall.@rule[0]=rule
firewall.@rule[0].name='Allow-DHCP-Renew'
firewall.@rule[0].src='wan'
firewall.@rule[0].proto='udp'
firewall.@rule[0].dest_port='68'
firewall.@rule[0].target='ACCEPT'
firewall.@rule[0].family='ipv4'
firewall.@rule[1]=rule
firewall.@rule[1].name='Allow-Ping'
firewall.@rule[1].src='wan'
firewall.@rule[1].proto='icmp'
firewall.@rule[1].icmp_type='echo-request'
firewall.@rule[1].family='ipv4'
firewall.@rule[1].target='ACCEPT'
firewall.@rule[2]=rule
firewall.@rule[2].name='Allow-IGMP'
firewall.@rule[2].src='wan'
firewall.@rule[2].proto='igmp'
firewall.@rule[2].family='ipv4'
firewall.@rule[2].target='ACCEPT'
firewall.@rule[3]=rule
firewall.@rule[3].name='Allow-DHCPv6'
firewall.@rule[3].src='wan'
firewall.@rule[3].proto='udp'
firewall.@rule[3].dest_port='546'
firewall.@rule[3].family='ipv6'
firewall.@rule[3].target='ACCEPT'
firewall.@rule[4]=rule
firewall.@rule[4].name='Allow-MLD'
firewall.@rule[4].src='wan'
firewall.@rule[4].proto='icmp'
firewall.@rule[4].src_ip='fe80::/10'
firewall.@rule[4].icmp_type='130/0' '131/0' '132/0' '143/0'
firewall.@rule[4].family='ipv6'
firewall.@rule[4].target='ACCEPT'
firewall.@rule[5]=rule
firewall.@rule[5].name='Allow-ICMPv6-Input'
firewall.@rule[5].src='wan'
firewall.@rule[5].proto='icmp'
firewall.@rule[5].icmp_type='echo-request' 'echo-reply' 'destination-unreachable' 'packet-too-big' 'time-exceeded' 'bad-header' 'unknown-header-type' 'router-solicitation' 'neighbour-solicitation' 'router-advertisement' 'neighbour-advertisement'
firewall.@rule[5].limit='1000/sec'
firewall.@rule[5].family='ipv6'
firewall.@rule[5].target='ACCEPT'
firewall.@rule[6]=rule
firewall.@rule[6].name='Allow-ICMPv6-Forward'
firewall.@rule[6].src='wan'
firewall.@rule[6].dest='*'
firewall.@rule[6].proto='icmp'
firewall.@rule[6].icmp_type='echo-request' 'echo-reply' 'destination-unreachable' 'packet-too-big' 'time-exceeded' 'bad-header' 'unknown-header-type'
firewall.@rule[6].limit='1000/sec'
firewall.@rule[6].family='ipv6'
firewall.@rule[6].target='ACCEPT'
firewall.@rule[7]=rule
firewall.@rule[7].name='Allow-IPSec-ESP'
firewall.@rule[7].src='wan'
firewall.@rule[7].dest='lan'
firewall.@rule[7].proto='esp'
firewall.@rule[7].target='ACCEPT'
firewall.@rule[8]=rule
firewall.@rule[8].name='Allow-ISAKMP'
firewall.@rule[8].src='wan'
firewall.@rule[8].dest='lan'
firewall.@rule[8].dest_port='500'
firewall.@rule[8].proto='udp'
firewall.@rule[8].target='ACCEPT'
firewall.@rule[9]=rule
firewall.@rule[9].name='Support-UDP-Traceroute'
firewall.@rule[9].src='wan'
firewall.@rule[9].dest_port='33434:33689'
firewall.@rule[9].proto='udp'
firewall.@rule[9].family='ipv4'
firewall.@rule[9].target='REJECT'
firewall.@rule[9].enabled='false'

/config/network的配置信息：

config interface 'loopback'
        option device 'lo'
        option proto 'static'
        option ipaddr '127.0.0.1'
        option netmask '255.0.0.0'

config globals 'globals'
        option ula_prefix 'fdb3:5d24:4bbe::/48'

config interface 'wan1'
        option ifname 'eth0'
        option proto 'dhcp'

config interface 'wan2'
        option ifname 'eth1'
        option proto 'dhcp'

config interface 'wan26'
        option proto 'dhcpv6'
        option device '@wan2'
        option disabled '1'

config interface 'wan16'
        option proto 'dhcpv6'
        option device '@wan1'
        option disabled '0'

ifconfig：

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 98:6E:E8:28:CD:13  
          inet addr:192.168.1.20  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: 240e:3b5:34e1:edd0::20/128 Scope:Global
          inet6 addr: 240e:3b5:34e1:edd0:9a6e:e8ff:fe28:cd13/64 Scope:Global
          inet6 addr: fe80::9a6e:e8ff:fe28:cd13/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:9108961 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:19775610 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:1086087055 (1.0 GiB)  TX bytes:24185129426 (22.5 GiB)
          Memory:7fe00000-7fefffff 

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 98:6E:E8:28:CD:14  
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
          Memory:7fc00000-7fcfffff 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:336526 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:336526 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:35845496 (34.1 MiB)  TX bytes:35845496 (34.1 MiB)

tailscale0 Link encap:UNSPEC  HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00  
          inet addr:100.64.32.34  P-t-P:100.64.32.34  Mask:255.255.255.255
          inet6 addr: fe80::5f8b:6f05:140c:eaa7/64 Scope:Link
          inet6 addr: fd7a:115c:a1e0::22/128 Scope:Global
          UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1280  Metric:1
          RX packets:1255346 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1060667 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 
          RX bytes:70650430 (67.3 MiB)  TX bytes:4456946163 (4.1 GiB)

我尝试添加的规则：

uci add network interface
uci set network.@interface[-1].name='tailscale'
uci set network.@interface[-1].proto='unmanaged'
uci set network.@interface[-1].ifname='tailscale0'
uci commit network

uci add firewall zone
uci set firewall.@zone[-1].name='tailscale'
uci set firewall.@zone[-1].input='ACCEPT'
uci set firewall.@zone[-1].output='ACCEPT'
uci set firewall.@zone[-1].forward='ACCEPT'
uci set firewall.@zone[-1].network='tailscale'
uci commit firewall

uci add firewall forwarding
uci set firewall.@forwarding[-1].src='tailscale'
uci set firewall.@forwarding[-1].dest='lan'
uci commit firewall

uci add firewall forwarding
uci set firewall.@forwarding[-1].src='tailscale'
uci set firewall.@forwarding[-1].dest='wan'
uci commit firewall

/etc/init.d/firewall restart

重启防火墙时发现有类似的 warning：

Warning: Unable to locate ipset utility, disabling ipset support
Warning: Section @zone[0] (lan) cannot resolve device of network 'lan'
Warning: Section @zone[1] (wan) cannot resolve device of network 'wan'
Warning: Section @zone[1] (wan) cannot resolve device of network 'wan6'
Warning: Section @zone[2] (tailscale) cannot resolve device of network 'tailscale'
Warning: Section @zone[0] (lan) has no device, network, subnet or extra options
Warning: Section @zone[1] (wan) has no device, network, subnet or extra options
Warning: Section @zone[2] (tailscale) has no device, network, subnet or extra options

感觉还是没配置对，有什么头绪吗？

6 条回复 • 2023-12-08 18:40:27 +08:00